开头摘录
Review of maritime transport 2025
Staying the course in turbulent waters
69
Chapter III
Freight rates and maritime
transport costs
2025 Review of
maritime transport
Freight rate volatility is becoming the new normal across all shipping
segments, driven by continued geopolitical tensions, shifting trade policy,
regulatory developments, and persistent supply and demand imbalances.
Considering trends discussed in chapters I and II, this chapter analyses
freight rate developments in the container, dry bulk and tanker shipping
segments from January 2024 to mid-2025.
In 2024, disruptions in the Red Sea significantly affected container shipping.
Rerouting via the Cape of Good Hope extended voyage times, reduced
effective capacity and increased operating costs, driving spot and charter
rates to near COVID-19 peaks by mid-2024 before moderating by the end
of the year. Volatility continued into 2025 amid tariff announcements by the
United States of America and mounting geopolitical risks, including around
the Strait of Hormuz.
Dry bulk markets recorded strong performance in 2024, supported by
robust demand for coal, grain and fertilizers. Rates eased in early 2025,