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Review of maritime transport 2025
Staying the course in turbulent waters
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Foreword
Global maritime transport has entered uncharted waters.
Not since the closure of the Suez Canal in 1967 have we witnessed such sustained disruption
to the arteries of global commerce. Ships that once transited the Red Sea in days now sail for
weeks around the Cape of Good Hope. Freight rates that were relatively stable for years now
swing wildly from month to month. Supply chains we thought were resilient have proven fragile.
But this is not simply a story of disruption. As this year’s Review of Maritime Transport documents,
it is a story of transitions – technological, environmental, geoeconomic – converging at a speed
that demands fundamentally rethinking how maritime transport operates.
Consider what we face today. The Suez Canal operates below normal capacity, at around 70 per
cent below average tonnage transit levels in 2023. This year’s developments around the Strait
of Hormuz – a passage for about 34 per cent of global seaborne exports of oil – have drawn
renewed attention to the need for sustained dialogue on maritime security. Disruption to port